Cambridge University Press

One Language, Two Grammars? It is well known that British and American English differ substantially in their pronunciation and vocabulary — but differences in their grammar have largely been underestimated. This volume focuses on British-American differences in the structure of words and sentences and supports them with computer-aided studies of large text collections. Present-day as well as earlier forms of the two varieties are included in the analyses. This makes it the first book-length treatment of British and American English grammar in contrast, with topics ranging from compound verbs to word order differences and tag questions. The authors explore some of the better-known contrasts, as well as a great variety of innovative themes that have so far received little or no consideration. Bringing together the work of a team of leading scholars in the field, this book will be of interest to those working within the fields of English historical linguistics, language variation and change, and dialectology. Подробнее

Old English: A Linguistic Introduction

Jeremy J. Smith, 2009

Old English provides a clear linguistic introduction to English between the 5th century and the Norman invasion in 1066. Tailored to suit the needs of individual course modules, it assumes no prior knowledge of the subject, and presents the basic facts in a straightforward manner, making it the ideal beginners' text. Students are guided step-by-step through the main characteristics and developments of English during that period, aided by concise chapter summaries, suggestions for further reading, and a comprehensive glossary. Each chapter is accompanied by an engaging set of exercises and discussion questions based on authentic Anglo-Saxon texts, encouraging students to consolidate their learning, and providing essential self-study material. The book is accompanied by a companion website, featuring solutions to the exercises and useful additional resources. Providing essential knowledge and skills for those embarking on the study of Old English, it is set to become the leading introduction to the subject. Подробнее

Oligarchy

Jeffrey A. Winters, 2011

For centuries, oligarchs were viewed as empowered by wealth, an idea muddled by elite theory early in the twentieth century. The common thread for oligarchs across history is that wealth defines them, empowers them and inherently exposes them to threats. The existential motive of all oligarchs is wealth defense. How they respond varies with the threats they confront, including how directly involved they are in supplying the coercion underlying all property claims and whether they act separately or collectively. These variations yield four types of oligarchy: warring, ruling, sultanistic and civil. Moreover, the rule of law problem in many societies is a matter of taming oligarchs. Cases studied in this book include the United States, ancient Athens and Rome, Indonesia, the Philippines, Singapore, medieval Venice and Siena, mafia commissions in the United States and Italy, feuding Appalachian families and early chiefs cum oligarchs dating from 2300 BCE. Подробнее

Normative Jurisprudence

West Robin, 2011

Normative Jurisprudence aims to reinvigorate normative legal scholarship that both criticizes positive law and suggests reforms for it, on the basis of stated moral values and legalistic ideals. It looks sequentially and in detail at the three major traditions in jurisprudence natural law, legal positivism, and critical legal studies that have in the past provided philosophical foundations for just such normative scholarship. Over the last fifty years or so, all of these traditions, although for different reasons, have taken a number of different turns toward empirical analysis, conceptual analysis, or Foucaultian critique and away from straightforward normative criticism. As a result, normative legal scholarship scholarship that is aimed at criticism and reform is now lacking a foundation in jurisprudential thought. The book criticizes those developments and suggests a return, albeit with different and in many ways larger challenges, to this traditional understanding of the purpose of legal scholarship. Подробнее

New Horizons in the Study of Language and Mind

Chomsky Noam, 2000

New Horizons in the Study of Language and Mind is an outstanding contribution to the philosophical study of language and mind, by one of the most influential thinkers of our time. In a series of penetrating essays, Chomsky cuts through the confusion and prejudice which has infected the study of language and mind, bringing new solutions to traditional philosophical puzzles and fresh perspectives on issues of general interest, ranging from the mind-body problem to the unification of science. Using a range of imaginative and deceptively simple linguistic analyses, Chomsky defends the view that knowledge of language is internal to the human mind. He argues that a proper study of language must deal with this mental construct. According to Chomsky, therefore, human language is a 'biological object' and should be analyzed using the methodology of the sciences. His examples and analyses come together in New Horizons in the Study of Language and Mind to give a unique and compelling perspective on language and the mind. Подробнее

Neutralization

Silverman Daniel, 2012

The function of language is to transmit information from speakers to listeners. This book investigates an aspect of linguistic sound patterning that has traditionally been assumed to interfere with this function — neutralization, a conditioned limitation on the distribution of a language's contrastive values. The book provides in-depth, nuanced and critical analyses of many theoretical approaches to neutralization in phonology and argues for a strictly functional characterization of the term: neutralizing alternations are only function-negative to the extent that they derive homophones, and most surprisingly, neutralization is often function-positive, by serving as an aid to parsing. Daniel Silverman encourages the reader to challenge received notions by carefully considering these functional consequences of neutralization. The book includes a glossary, discussion points and lists of further reading to help advanced phonology students consolidate the main ideas and findings on neutralization. Подробнее

Introducing Language Typology

Moravcsik A., 2013

Language typology identifies similarities and differences between languages of the world. This textbook provides an introduction to the subject which assumes minimal prior knowledge of linguistics. It offers the broadest coverage of any introductory book, with sections on historical change, language acquisition and language processing. Students will become familiar with the subject by working through numerous examples of cross-linguistic generalizations and diversity in syntax, morphology and phonology as well as vocabulary, writing systems and signed languages. Chapter previews and summaries, key words, a glossary and copious literature references help the reader understand and internalize what they have read, while activities at the end of each chapter reinforce key points. Подробнее

Images of English: A Cultural History of the Language

Richard W. Bailey, 2009

Images of English was the first book to focus exclusively on opinions about the language as they have evolved through time. Through the use of abundant quotations, Richard Bailey lets voices from the past speak to our present assumptions and challenges the notion of English triumphalism throughout the world and the ages. The book offers a unique historical perspective on attitudes towards the language. We see that journalists who fill anxious columns on slow news-days with fulminations on linguistic deterioration are embellishing centuries of complaint; that women who campaign for a language free of patriarchy and suited to themselves express a yearning first conveyed long ago; that teachers who recommend the vigour of Anglo-Saxon words are sustaining an idea that emerged four hundred years ago in notions about racial purity. Подробнее

Human Rights, State Compliance, and Social Change National Human Rights Institutions (NHRIs) — human rights commissions and ombudsmen — have gained recognition as a possible missing link in the transmission and implementation of international human rights norms at the domestic level. They are also increasingly accepted as important participants in global and regional forums where international norms are produced. By collecting innovative work from experts spanning international law, political science, sociology and human rights practice, this book critically examines the significance of this relatively new class of organizations. It focuses, in particular, on the prospects of these institutions to effectuate state compliance and social change. Consideration is given to the role of NHRIs in delegitimizing — though sometimes legitimizing — governments' poor human rights records and in mobilizing — though sometimes demobilizing — civil society actors. The volume underscores the broader implications of such cross-cutting research for scholarship and practice in the fields of human rights and global affairs in general. Подробнее

An Humble Supplication to Her Majestie

Southwell Robert, 2011

This 1953 text presents the story of an appeal made by priest and poet Robert Southwell, who dared to address himself in writing to Queen Elizabeth I, to plead with her how unfair her proclamation of October 1591 against the Roman Catholics was. Southwell had spent 10 years at Douay and Rome preparing himself to be a member of the Jesuit mission in England. Five years into this, the Queen's proclamation of 1591 was issued, and Southwell's Humble Supplication was immediately written. He intended, it seems, to print it — 'hoping that among so many as shall peruse this short and true relation of our troubles, God will touch some merciful heart to let your Highness understand the extremity of them'. But he was captured in June 1592, and all that remained for him then, as he must have known, was imprisonment, torture and the scaffold. Подробнее

Human Rights and the Ethics of Globalization

Daniel E. Lee, 2010

Human Rights and the Ethics of Globalization provides a balanced, thoughtful discussion of the globalization of the economy and the ethical considerations inherent in the many changes it has prompted. The book's introduction maps out the philosophical foundations for constructing an ethic of globalization, taking into account both traditional and contemporary sources. These ideals are applied to four specific test cases: the ethics of investing in China, the case study of the Firestone company's presence in Liberia, free-trade and fair-trade issues pertaining to the coffee trade with Ethiopia, and the use low-wage factories in Mexico to serve the U.S. market. The book concludes with a comprehensive discussion of how to enforce global compliance with basic human rights standards, with particular attention to stopping abuses by multinational corporations through litigation under the Alien Tort Claims Act. Подробнее

Human Rights and Their Limits

Osiatynski Wiktor, 2009

Human Rights and Their Limits shows that the concept of human rights has developed in waves: each call for rights served the purpose of social groups that tried to stop further proliferation of rights once their own goals were reached. While defending the universality of human rights as norms of behavior, Osiaty ski admits that the philosophy on human rights does not need to be universal. Instead he suggests that the enjoyment of social rights should be contingent upon the recipient's contribution to society. He calls for a 'soft universalism' that will not impose rights on others but will share the experience of freedom and help the victims of violations. Although a state of unlimited democracy threatens rights, the excess of rights can limit resources indispensable for democracy. This book argues that, although rights are a prerequisite of freedom, they should be balanced with other values that are indispensable for social harmony and personal happiness. Подробнее

How Russia is Not Ruled: Reflections on Russian Political Development

Allen C. Lynch, 2005

The state remains as important to Russia's prospects as ever. This is so not only because, as in any society, an effectively functioning state administration is necessary to the proper functioning of a complex economy and legal system, but also because, in Russian circumstances, factors of economic geography tend to increase costs of production compared to the rest of the world. These mutually reinforcing factors include: the extreme severity of the climate, the immense distances to be covered, the dislocation between (European) population centers and (Siberian) natural resource centers, and the inevitable predominance of relatively costly land transportation over sea-borne transportation. As a result, it is questionable whether Russia can exist as a world civilization under predominantly liberal economic circumstances: in a unified liberal global capital market, large-scale private direct capital investment will not be directed to massive, outdoor infrastructure projects typical of state investment in the Soviet period. Подробнее

Hedge Funds in Emerging Markets

Gordon De Brouwer, 2011

Hedge funds are among the most innovative and controversial of financial market institutions. Largely exempt from regulation and shrouded in secrecy, they are credited as having improved efficiency and add liquidity to financial markets, but also having severely destabilised markets following the Asian Financial Crisis and the near collapse of Long-Term Capital Management. Originally published in 2006, De Brouwer presents a nuanced and balanced account to what is becoming an increasingly politicised and hysterical discussion of the subject. Part I explains the workings of hedge funds. Part II focuses on the activities of macro hedge funds and proprietary trading desks in East Asia in 1997 and 1998, with case study material from Hong Kong, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Australia and New Zealand. Part III of the book looks at the future of hedge funds, their role for institutional investors, and policy proposals to limit their destabilising effects. Подробнее

Historical Linguistics: Toward a Twenty-First Century Reintegration

Ringe Don, 2013

Bringing the advances of theoretical linguistics to the study of language change, this innovative textbook demonstrates the mutual relevance of historical linguistics and contemporary linguistics. Numerous case studies throughout the book show both that theoretical linguistics can be used to solve problems where traditional approaches to historical linguistics have failed to produce satisfying results, and that the results of historical research can have an impact on theory. The book first explains the nature of human language and the sources of language change in broad terms. It then focuses on different types of language change from contemporary viewpoints, before exploring comparative reconstruction and the problems inherent in trying to devise new methods for linguistic comparison. Positioned at the cutting edge of the field, the book argues that this approach can and should lead to the re-integration of historical linguistics as one of the core areas in the study of language. Подробнее

A Grammar of Yidin

Dixon R.M.W., 2010

Professor Dixon's book The Dyirbal Language of North Queensland (CUP 1972) is acknowledge to be a classic study. His study of Yidin is directly comparable in importance. Yidin, which is also a dying language, is Dyirbal's northerly neighbour. Yet the two languages have striking and fundamental differences in each area of grammar (while still both belonging to the Australian language family). In the phonology, there is a preference for each word to consist of an even number of syllables, in order to satisfy the stress targets of Yidin. Syntactically, the language is of a 'mixed ergative' type that cannot easily be accommodated in terms of standard syntactic theory. These and a number of other special features of Yidin have a crucial bearing on several theoretical enquiries into linguistic universals. Подробнее

Handbook of International Law

Aust Anthony, 2010

This handbook is for the non-specialist in international law who needs to gain a working knowledge of its central principles and rules. It will, for example, help you to understand the differences between often misunderstood ideas such as diplomatic vs. state immunity. In a world of overlapping legal systems created by international and national courts and tribunals, this is a practical guide to how international law is applied to other branches of law. It is written by an expert international lawyer, who uses his professional experience to focus on how the law is created by states and international organisations, and how they apply these laws to manage day-to-day problems. This new edition retains a concise, user-friendly format that will help you grasp central principles such as jurisdiction and the law of treaties, as well as the international law of more specialised topics such as human rights, terrorism and the environment. Подробнее

Globalisation and Legal Theory

Twining William, 2008

This work brings together eight linked essays which make the case for a revival of general jurisprudence in response to the challenges of globalisation, explores how far the heritage of Anglo-American jurisprudence and comparative law is adequate to meeting the challenges, and puts forward an agenda for general jurisprudence and comparative law, especially in the English-speaking world in the first ten or twenty years of the millennium. The book is traditional in focussing on the mainstream of Anglo-American intellectual heritage and moderately radical in identifying the need for rethinking basic issues and putting forward a series of provocative propositions as a basis for discussion. Подробнее

Global Distributive Justice

Armstrong Chris, 2012

Global distributive justice is now part of mainstream political debate. It incorporates issues that are now a familiar feature of the political landscape, such as global poverty, trade justice, aid to the developing world and debt cancellation. This is the first textbook to focus exclusively on issues of distributive justice on the global scale. It gives clear and up-to-date accounts of the major theories of global justice and spells out their significance for a series of important political issues, including climate change, international trade, human rights and migration. These issues are brought to life through the use of case studies, which emphasise the connection of theories of justice to contemporary politics, and 'Further Issues' sections, which discuss emerging debates or controversies that are likely to command increasing attention in the coming years. Подробнее

A Global History of the Financial Crash of 2007-10

Johan A. Lybeck, 2011

We have just experienced the worst financial crash the world has seen since the Great Depression of the 1930s. While real economies in general did not crash as they did in the 1930s, the financial parts of the economy certainly did, or, at least, came very close to doing so. Hundreds of banks in the United States and Europe have been closed by their supervisory authorities, forcibly merged with stronger partners, nationalized or recapitalized with the tax payers' money. Banks and insurance companies had, by mid 2010, already written off some 2000 billion dollars in credit write-downs on loans and securities. In this book, Johan Lybeck draws on his experience as both an academic economist and a professional banker to present a detailed yet non-technical analysis of the crash. He describes how the crisis began in early 2007, explains why it happened and shows how it compares to earlier financial crises. Подробнее

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